15Sep

Decoding the Minimum Wage Debate

While the safety of the working class should always remain a top priority, haphazardly increasing the minimum wage can have several unintended consequences.

The recent announcement made by the Ministry of Labor, Employment and Social Security to increase the minimum wage from Rs15,000/month to Rs 17,300/ month is well received and is generally seen to be a welcome step. This was done in accordance with Section 106 of the Labor Act (2017), where it is written that the government shall revise minimum wage every two years. So, the previous jump was from Rs 13,450 to Rs 15,000.

Now, the minimum wage is set to be Rs 17,300/month (excluding for tea sector workers, it is Rs 13,893/month), the minimum wage includes basic salary and inflation allowance. Meaning, the daily wage is Rs 668/day and Rs 89/hour.

Needs vs business realities

The dispute revolves around wage demands between trade unions and business owners. Trade unions advocate for a monthly wage of Rs 26,000 due to workers’ struggles with high inflation, suggesting it would help in managing expenses, while business owners, citing Covid-19’s detrimental impact on their stability, request time for recovery before any minimum wage increase by the government.

Picture this: A small clothing shop owner employs an assistant. The monthly store earnings amount to Rs 50,000. Although the earnings look decent and enough money to pay Rs 17,300 to their employee, the same earnings must account for Rs 25,000 in inventory costs and Rs 8,000 for rent. The shopkeeper is now running in Rs 300 loss, because all the money they generated has been spent. The shop owner is now compelled to let go of the employee. This decision is purely driven by the fact that the shop’s overall expenses exceed its revenue.

This example can be used to highlight the concerns that small businesses and micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) often raise when minimum wage policies are introduced or increased. While the intent of minimum wage laws is to provide workers with fair compensation, it can also impact small businesses that operate on thin profit margins. The example illustrates that although the revenue generated by the shop seems substantial at first glance, it is important to consider the broader financial implications and the various costs associated with operation of the business.

Government officials and experts have opined that the government should be wary about the condition Nepal’s economy is in. Many manufacturing companies have reportedly shut down and many have cut production. There are manufacturing plants operating at only 50 percent capacity.

Heart of the issue

National Economic Census, 2018 reveals that Nepal’s private sector is of small enterprises, constituting 62.4 percent of the sector. Medium-sized enterprises follow at 22.9 percent, with large enterprises accounting for 14.7 percent. A study conducted by FNCCI and the International Finance Corporation further highlights that the private sector employs nearly 86 percent of Nepal’s labor force, amounting to approximately 4.93 million people.

Interestingly, the breakdown of the employment landscape shows that micro and small enterprises contribute to 4.56 million jobs, while small and medium enterprises provide 333,077 jobs, and large industries offer 41,449 jobs. Consequently, the micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), characterized by their smaller scale of production and operation, along with limited capital, collectively account for roughly 93 percent of all jobs generated by the private sector. This underscores that despite their modest size and resource limitations, MSMEs drive the highest demand for workers in the current job market.

Section 107 of the Labor Act (2017) gives way for a minimum remuneration fixation committee to be set. This committee consists of representatives from the government of Nepal, trade unions and employers’ association. What we fail to see is representation from MSMEs and SMEs that are one of the biggest job creators in Nepal. The tyranny of the minority comes into play, yet again.

The general point that is being contested now is how Rs 17,300 is still below the salary of the government assistant which is Rs 26,348. The Vice President of GEFONT has time and again expressed the demand of the union that the minimum wage should be increased to match at least the salary of the lowest level government staff. While the subject matter of salaries received by the government staff, their increments and what it means to the taxpayers, is a topic for a different day, we need to remember small MSMEs that makeup the largest portion of job creation in the private sector cannot be compared with the deep pockets of the government. The government’s inability to effectively deal with soaring inflation prices is hitting all of the citizens. That being said, the MSMEs that are grappling with the sustenance of their business and their employees cannot be expected to pay Rs 26,000 in this situation.

If the populist government determines raising the minimum wage to be Rs 26,000, all jobs paying Rs 15,000 per month will now pay Rs 26,000 because of the new law. The general public will definitely be happy, and our politician ensures an extension for his time in his big seat. But six months later, no one will be offering the same job that used to pay Rs 15,000. They can’t afford to. If prices are held constant, employers now need fewer people, each being more productive, to justify the Rs 26,000/month.

That is the issue that underlies with populist policies, in general. While undoubtedly the safety of the working class should always remain a top priority, we have seen time and again how haphazardly increasing the minimum wage has several unintended consequences. CATO Institute has listed four direct consequences of increasing minimum wage: Job loss, hurting low skilled workers, little effect on reducing poverty and increment of price for consumers.

Even internationally, there is still no agreement on how high can minimum wages be without harming workers by causing loss of employment, increase of price of goods and job replacement by automation. If you make something more expensive, people will usually want to buy less of it. And if you make labor more expensive, then employers might want less of it and if the cost of buying machinery and replacing jobs with more automation costs the employers less than paying wages they will do it.

Exploring effects: Insights from economists

In 1992, two economists from Princeton, David Card and Alan Krueger, published a groundbreaking study which looked at how there was a positive relationship between increase in minimum wage and employment rate at fast-food restaurants in two states (New Jersey and Pennsylvania) with differing policies (New Jersey increasing their minimum wage where as Pennsylvania not imposing any such laws).

In New Jersey, the minimum wage for employees rose, while in the neighboring state of Pennsylvania, it remained unchanged. Despite the wage hike in New Jersey, the number of jobs actually grew. Card and Krueger’s research revealed that a modest wage increase didn’t result in job cuts because wages were already below the market standard. So, one possible reason for the rise in employment could be the higher wage attracting new laborers into the workforce. This study was a first of its kind, showing that increasing the minimum wage doesn’t necessarily result in job losses, which helped Card win a Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences Award.

But having said that, claims of Card and Krueger’s paper being intentionally narrow cannot be denied. Fellow Nobel Peace laureate James M Buchanan had a stern standing, he claimed that the core proposition of economics is the inverse relationship between quantity demanded and price. People buy less when prices rise and vice versa. Similar to how no physicist claims water flows uphill, few economists argue that raising minimum wage boosts employment. Furthermore, Buchanan claims Card and Krueger’s findings advocate their personal beliefs.

Another Nobel Prize Laureate in Economics, Joshua Angrist, in his book Mostly Harmless Econometrics argues that comparing employment data of Pennsylvania and New Jersey may not even be appropriate as data shows that between February and November 1992, there was a small decrease in jobs in Pennsylvania while jobs in New Jersey remained mostly unchanged. However, when looking at different years, both states experienced significant fluctuations in employment, and these changes were often different between them. This means that using Pennsylvania as a comparison might not accurately show what would happen in New Jersey if there was a change in the minimum wage.

Leaving the findings of economists based on developed nations aside, this is not applicable to Nepal, neither the monopsony in job market nor the aspect of state or federal minimum wage, or even the fact that this study only shows an increase in employment in the capital intensive part of a fast food industry.

Impacts on MSMEs and informal sector

Shifting focus back to Nepal, the concern appears to be more centered around Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) being forced to close down and therefore cause employment rates to drop rather than any other factor. Larger companies can afford to increase the wage rate of their workers and simultaneously expand their workforce (assuming rational hiring practices). The cost dynamics of production adjustments play a crucial role in such.

One major concern of raising minimum wage is also the shift of laborers from the formal sector to a more informal one. The government which tries to enforce minimum wage rates even in the informal sector has no way of ensuring such a thing because the (mostly verbal) contract is between the laborer and the temporary employer. It is next to impossible to keep track and enforce the same wage rate for gig workers in the informal sector. It is difficult to enforce it even in the digital realm, the in-person dealings are not even in question. When the wages cannot be regulated, we can only hope the situation that arose during the great depression doesn’t arise back again.

Big picture

In the end, when we talk about the minimum wage debate in Nepal, it’s not just about numbers, figures and data. It’s a story woven with threads that reach far beyond just statistics. Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are the unsung heroes of job creation. They are trying to balance their survival with the fair treatment of their workers.

The minimum wage is not just about numbers, figures and data. It’s a story woven with threads that reach far beyond just statistics.

What we need is an approach that understands the bigger picture that encapsulates the need to find a way for workers to have dignified lives while still keeping those business doors open. It’s about making sure that every step forward doesn’t inadvertently lead to two steps back. A balanced harmony where both workers’ well-being and the resilience of these businesses can thrive together. Having said this, it is also vital to hold the government accountable for addressing inflation’s growing impact. The consequences of inadequate actions resonate deeply within the MSME sector and wager workers alike. The government must prioritize comprehensive measures to curb inflation.

Anjila Shrestha is a researcher at Samriddhi Foundation, an economic policy think tank based in Kathmandu. The views expressed in this article are the author’s own and do not represent the views of the organization.

anjila@samriddhi.org

Source: https://www.nepallivetoday.com/2023/09/06/decoding-the-minimum-wage-debate/

31Aug

The Difference Between A Cryptocurrency And Fiat Cash

It normally happens that conventional banking techniques could contain a verification process or intermediaries to finish the transaction, regardless of whether you transfer US dollars or Euro. It does not happen with Bitcoin or different cryptocurrencies since transactions are immediate. If you wish to move funds out of your fiat pockets again into your bank account then you’ll must withdraw them.

fiat wallet vs crypto wallet

Please notice that an funding in crypto property carries dangers along with the opportunities described above. Furthermore, portions of this content had been generated with the help of a large-scale language model and different AI technologies. While the creation of the initial draft was AI-aided, subsequent evaluations and edits were made by human authors.

Fiat-crypto And Crypto-fiat Transactions

SoFi has no control over the content, products or services offered nor the security or privateness of knowledge transmitted to others through their web site. We recommend that you review the privateness coverage of the site you are coming into. SoFi does not assure or endorse the products, info or suggestions provided in any third get together https://www.xcritical.com/ website. A payment processor (or gateway) is a vendor answerable for managing the card fee logistics. It transfers card knowledge from customers to fee networks and banks involved in the transaction. Please notice that community fees might differ based on the Blockchain network traffic and Crypto.com does not charge any network payment.

A fiat gateway permits users to purchase digital currencies with conventional fiat currencies. Bitcoin funds are gaining popularity as a less complicated and cheaper alternative to bank cards, benefiting companies. Despite the instability of cryptocurrencies’ values, specialists fiat wallet vs crypto wallet predict the growth of cryptocurrency use in the coming years. However, fiat cash nonetheless stays a prevailing choice for on-line and offline payments.

Store digital property like Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin in crypto wallets that come in various varieties, like hardware, software program, and cellular wallets. Some fiat wallets can also have features that make you earn interest, identical to a savings account. Some fiat pockets providers may permit you to deposit cash using a credit card or different fee methods. So, quite than cashing out to a fiat wallet, customers might doubtlessly money out to BTC or a stablecoin like USDT or USDC. When they wish to exchange for one more cryptocurrency, there likely wouldn’t be a necessity to modify back into dollars beforehand. The two main ways to accomplish the same thing that fiat wallets can do can be to use either stablecoins or Bitcoin as a unit of account for other forms of cryptocurrency.

Best Multisig Wallets For 2023

This usually includes a web interface the place you enter within the bank account particulars you want the funds to be despatched to and click on on send. As we’ve seen within the last year or so, issues in the world of crypto are solely as safe because the entity holding them. With crypto, the person who holds the keys and restoration phrase to a wallet is the one who in the end controls it. A vital difference is that crypto wallets may be obtainable in a completely decentralized setting, whereas the latter can technically by no means be. However, other differences include custody, ownership, logistics, and many more features that we’ll look at in detail beneath.

With fiat cash, regardless of the reputable provider by which you may have your funds, finance institutions maintain your cash. Besides, many instances, you must use your funds or full transactions on enterprise days. You don’t need a fiat pockets on a centralized cryptocurrency change in order to purchase and promote bitcoin. This may be carried out instantly, peer-to-peer utilizing free and open source trade software corresponding to Bisq.

Crypto Wallet: A Secure Storage Resolution On Your Digital Belongings

In each cases, users can remain throughout the crypto ecosystem while exchanging funds for other cryptocurrencies. Most exchanges have a variety of buying and selling pairs against BTC and well-liked stablecoins. Fiat wallets aren’t necessary to work together with the crypto ecosystem or use an trade.

Once these steps are completed, users can deposit fiat foreign money or cryptocurrencies, execute trades, and withdraw their funds. Many crypto exchanges offer fiat wallets to users as a end result of it makes it simpler to purchase and sell cryptocurrencies. Another key distinction between exchanges and wallets is the level of management customers have over their funds. With a crypto pockets, customers have full control over their non-public keys and, therefore, their digital assets. In distinction, when utilizing a centralized change, users entrust their funds to the platform, which could probably lead to issues if the exchange experiences downtime or suffers a security breach.

On the opposite hand, Crypto.com App is a digital foreign money brokerage that acts as a custodian and stores your cryptocurrencies for you. Through the Crypto.com App, you’ll be able to instruct us to deal with your crypto on your behalf, but you do not management the personal keys to your crypto. You can simply manage and change your cryptocurrencies to fiat currencies with out worrying about losing your personal keys.

fiat wallet vs crypto wallet

Crypto on-ramps additionally offer a safe and clear platform for financial operations, with advanced security measures defending users from hackers and fraud. Crypto on-ramps are very important for the cryptocurrency ecosystem, providing businesses with the instruments and sources to offer users the best and most handy way of buying crypto. Fiat processors are additionally engaged in changing fiat to crypto and vice versa. They serve as a bridge between traditional finance and decentralised finance.

What Is A Fiat Wallet & How Does It Work?

A fiat wallet, however, keeps the cash obtainable for near-immediate use, so should you see a discount crypto seem, you can snatch some coins or tokens whereas it’s down. Crypto prices fluctuate violently, so being prepared is a big a part of earning money with cryptocurrencies. To guarantee the security of your funds, it’s essential to choose on a good fiat pockets supplier and take steps to protect your account, corresponding to using a robust password and enabling two-factor authentication.

While cryptocurrencies and crypto wallets have confronted security issues, reputable fiat wallet suppliers sometimes have extra robust security measures in place. One of the principle advantages of getting a fiat pockets is that it removes the wait time for depositing fiat to an exchange. If a user needed to get fiat forex like dollars, euros, yen into their exchange account and didn’t have a fiat wallet, it might take a number of enterprise days for a financial institution deposit to go through.

fiat wallet vs crypto wallet

A fiat pockets supplied by a cryptocurrency exchange is a digital wallet designed to carry traditional government-issued currencies, such as the US Dollar (USD) and euro (EUR). But in the digital world, it holds your traditional dollars, euros, or yen. Fiat currencies are issued by governments and managed by central banks. These are reliable technique of cost as they are the official means of finishing transactions. Meanwhile cryptocurrencies are used as an instrument of exchange that is not managed by the federal government. In this case decentralization means that no central authority can management the value of the forex.

The subsequent query you’re now most likely considering is what’s a fiat currency? A fiat forex is any forex that’s issued by a governments central bank. They are often the one legal tender inside that country, though some like the USD are additionally utilized in other developing countries too.

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बैदेशिक रोजगारमा जाने कामदारले जान्नै पर्ने कुराहरु

बैदेशिक रोजगारमा जाने कामदारले जान्नै पर्ने कुराहरु

केही सीप सिकेर, आफूले गर्ने, गर्न सक्ने र जान्ने कामका वारेमा, पाउने तलवका वारेमा राम्ररी जानी बुझी मात्र जानु पर्दछ ।
लाग्ने खर्च, प्राप्त हुने आम्दानीका वारेमा तुलनागरि लाभ हुने काममा मात्र जानु पर्दछ।
घर परिवारसँग सल्लाह, परामर्श गरी सहमतिमा मात्र जानु पर्दछ ।
बैदेशिक रोजगार बिभागवाट श्रम स्वीकृति लिएर मात्र बैदेशिक रोजगारमा जानु पर्दछ ।
बैदेशिक रोजगारमा जाँदा दुर्घटनामा परी मृत्यू वा अंगभंग हुन सक्दछ । विमा गर्दा कामदारलाई र उस्को परिवारलाई आर्थिक सहयोग प्राप्त हुन्छ ।
बैदेशिक रोजगारमा जाँदा विस्वासिलो र भरपर्दो मेनपावर कम्पनी मार्फ जानु पर्छ । व्यवसायिक वा Visitभिसामा जानु हुदैन । जानी जानी गलत कागजात बनाई जानु हुँदैन ।
घर परिवारसँग सल्लाह गरि मानसिक रुपमा तयार हुनु पर्दछ ।
बैदेशिक रोजगारमा जानका लागि पैसा बुझाएपछि व्यहोरा खुलाई भरपाई लिनु पर्दछ । कति खर्च लाग्छ राम्ररी बुझनु पर्छ । कुनै एजेन्ट वा कम्पनीले भरपाई दिन आनाकानी गरेमा ठगिकै नियत भएको बुझ्नु पर्छ ।
स्वदेशी विमानस्थलवाट मात्र जानु पर्दछ । अन्य छिमेकी देशको बाटो गरेर जानु हुँदैन । बेचिन वा ठगीमा पर्न सकिन्छ ।
आफू जाने देशको भौगोलिक स्थिति, हावापानी रहन, सहन, धर्म, कानून, काम गर्ने वातावरण आदि वारेमा सामान्य जानकारी लिनु पर्छ । यस्का लागि पूर्व प्रस्थान अभिमूखीकरण तालीम अनिवार्य रुपमा लिनु पर्दछ ।
बैदेशिक रोजगारमा जाँदा आवश्यक सवै कागजातहरुको एक एक प्रति आफू र परिवारको साथमा राख्नु पर्छ ।
बैदेशिक रोजगारको क्रममा ठगिमा परे बैदेशिक रोजगार बिभागमा उजुरी गर्नु पर्दछ ।
बैदेशिक रोजगार सम्वन्धी कुनै पनि सूचना जानकारीका वारेमा बुझ्नु परेमा बैदेशिक रोजगार बिभाग र बैदेशिक रोजगार प्रवर्द्धन वोर्डको सचिवालयको ठेगानामा सर्म्पर्क गरी बुझ्न सकिन्छ ।
आम संचार माध्यमले प्रकाशन गरेको बैदेशिक रोजगारको सूचना/ विज्ञापन सहि भए नभएको बुझ्नु पर्दछ । गलत विज्ञापन गरी पैसा उर्ठाई ठगि गर्न सक्दछन ।
सरकारले निषेध गरेको देशमा र काममा जानु हुदैन ।

बैदेशिक रोजगारका लागि गएका कामदारले ध्यान दिनु पर्ने कुराहरु

काम गर्न जाने मूलुकको नेपाली राजदूतावास, श्रम सहचारी, संघ गैर आवासीय नेपाली एवं नेपाली संघ संस्था आदिको सर्म्पर्क ठेगाना फोन आफ्नो साथमा राख्नु पर्छ
अप्ठ्यारो र कठीनाई पर्दा सर्म्पर्क गर्न सजिलो हुन्छ
बिदेशमा रहदा नेपाली राजदूतावास, नेपाली संघसंस्था र आफ्नो घर परिवारको नियमित सर्म्पर्कमा रहनु पर्दछ । यसो गर्दा अप्ठारो पर्दा उद्धार गर्न सजिलो हुन्छ । मानसिक तनाव न्यून गर्न सकिन्छ ।
काम गरिरहेको वा काम गर्न गएको कम्पनी छोडी अन्यत्र काम गर्न जानु हुदैन । कतिपय देशमा यस्तो गरेमा गैर कानूनी भइन्छ, जेल सजाय पनि हुन सक्दछ ।
करार अवधि सकिएपछि स्वदेश फर्किएर पुन बीमा गराई श्रम स्वीकृति लिएर जानु पर्छ, अन्यथा दुर्घटना पर्दा बीमा र अन्य आर्थिक सहायताको सुविधा पाइदैन ।
सम्झौता गरेको भन्दा फरक कम्पनीमा, फरक काममा, कम पारिश्रमिकमा काम लगाएको छ भने तुरुन्त नेपाली दूतावास, बैदेशिक रोजगार बिभागमा उजुरी गर्नु पर्छ । आफू खुसी अन्यत्र काम गर्न जानु हुँदैन ।
कोठामा बस्दा वा सुत्दा ए.सी.को सही किसिमवाट प्रयोग गर्नु पर्दछ । थाहा नभएको काम कुरा सिकेर जानेर मात्र गर्नु पर्दछ ।
कमाएको पैसाको फजुल खर्च गर्नु हुंदैन, बचाएको पैसा बैंकिङ्ग च्यानलवाट पठाउनु पर्छ, व्यक्तिगत तवरवाट र हुण्डीवाट पठाउदा जोखिम -खतरा) हुन्छ ।
आफ्नो स्वास्थ्य र क्षमताको ख्याल गरेर काम गर्नुपर्छ, क्षमता भन्दा बढी ओभरटाइम काम गर्नु हुंदैन ।
खास गरी खाडि मुलुकमा जाँदा पान मसाला, पराग, मर्चा तथा अन्य सुर्तिजन्य पदार्थ, मदिरा लैजान र र्सार्वजनिक स्थानमा प्रयोग गर्न प्रतिवन्ध छ । यस्ता सामान लुकाई लगेमा, विक्रि गरेमा वा प्रयोग गरेमा कडा सजाय हुन्छ । जाँड रक्सी र लागू पदार्थ जस्ता कुलतमा लाग्नु हुँदैन ।
सम्वन्धित मुलुकको, कम्पनीको नियमको पालना गर्नु पर्छ, अरुको धर्म संस्कृतिको सम्मान गर्नु पर्दछ । अनावश्यक झै झगडा र अरुको उक्साहटमा हडतालमा उत्रनु हुँदैन ।
सम्वन्धित देशको ट्राफिक नियम वुझ्ने र पालना गर्नु पर्दछ ।

09Aug

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Čitali je „viber“ ili „vajber“, ona je sada i jedan od obaveznih servisa taksti udruženja. Naravno, pozivi su i dalje aktuelni, a možda i najbrži način da saznamo ima li dostupnih vozila i za koliko minuta stižu. Ipak, mnoga taksi udruženja su se i modernizovala i krenula u korak sa novim tehnologijama. To se svakako može tumačiti kao profesionalizam i kvalitetno praćenje trendova, ali i borba za klijente. Zasnovan na osnovnim zakonitostima u taksi tržištu, Beogradski taksi model je kreiran 2004. Godine za definisanje potrebnog broja taksi vozača u Beogradu 2005.

nas taksi viber

Upravo zbog toga, u Analizi stanja taksi servisa Beograda, analizi stavova stanovnika dat je odgovarajući značaj i ona ima značajno mesto kako u oceni stanja, tako i u svim predloženim reformama taksi servisa. Osnovni uzroci nezadovoljavajućeg stanja u taksi servisu upravo i proizilaze iz činjenice da je taksi servis decenijama instrument upravo socijalnih i drugih trenutnih akcija, da svoje prihode taksisti nesumnjivo ostvaruju prenaprezanjem i da broj vozila zavisi od političkih merila. Pored toga, i u svim prethodnim istraživanjima ukazivano je da se taksisti moraju bolje strukovno organizovati i pojačati međusobnu saradnju, da se mora pojačati disciplinska odgovornost taksista, kao i da se Odluka o taksi prevozu mora detaljno i pažljivo usklađivati sa aktima o disciplinskoj odgovornosti ali i sa kodeksom ponašanja vozača.

Petar Todorović taxi prevoz 

Od prvog dana, a već 8 godina u nizu generalni sponzori smo turnira u malom fudbalu koji se održava u Pančevu, na terenima SRC „Mladost”. Pored toga partneri smo i manifestacija, kao što su „Dani Vajferta“ i „Eko regata Tamiš”. U našim vozilima možete da kostite WIFI potpuno besplatno, idealno rešenja za duže relacije.Mi cenimo što ste izabrali nas i zato smo tu da svaku vožnju učinimo što luksuznijom i opuštajućom.

Ona misli da za stvaranje haosa nije ona kriva, već taksisti ili inspekcije koje nisu efikasne ili najćešće nedovoljni ili neusaglašeni propisi, a vreme prolazi. Najočigledniji primer je stvaranje haosa iz apsurdnog tumačenja ustavnog prava na rad. Ocenu kvaliteta taksi servisa daje stanovnik grada i to je takođe deo Holističkog pristupa problemu. Istovremeno je Biheviorizam smer istraživanja koji svoja saznanja crpi iz analize ponašanja i stavova korisnika.

Naxis Taxi

Bros Taxi nudi mogućnost prevoza putnika do željenih destinacija u inostranstvu. Uživajte u udobnoj vožnji u našim novim vozilima marke Volkswagen. Preko 70% svoga radnog vremena taksisti provode https://taxi-travel.me/ u najprometnijim delovima grada obuhvatajući najatraktivnije i najprometnije poslovne, stambene i zabavne zone. Pored toga, zbirno posmatrano taksiji su na ulici 24h bez prestanka.

Biste li sjeli u ovaj žuti taksi? Veterani iz Khartouma u raspadnom … – Jutarnji list

Biste li sjeli u ovaj žuti taksi? Veterani iz Khartouma u raspadnom ….

Posted: Thu, 06 Apr 2023 07:00:00 GMT [source]

Golub Taksi vas vozi svuda po Pančevu i okolnim mestima, ali i do Beograda i drugih gradova u zemlji i inostranstvu. Dalje vožnje je potrebno
dogovoriti nekoliko sati do jednog dana unapred. Svakodnevno se trudimo da stignemo do Vas na vreme, a onda i da Vas odvezemo do željene adrese što brže i što kraće, poštujući saobraćajne propise.

Koje je to najefikasnije outdoor sredstvo za reklamiranje proizvoda, usluga ili manifestacija?

Vršimo usluge prevoza putnika sa kombi vozilom (8+1) iz Novog Sada na sve destinacije u državi i inostranstvu, brzo, kvalitetno i sigurno. Bilo da idete ka, ili od aerodroma, rezervaciju možete napraviti i nekoliko dana unapred. U slučaju da želite obezbeđeni prevoz sa aerodroma ka gradu potrebno je da nam na dostavite podatke o letu i osobi koju bi trebalo da sačekamo. Beogradski taksi, 24h na dan, u svakom delu grada 100% zadovoljava sve potrebe nas taksi viber svojih mušterija. To je taksi koji je uspeo da značajnim poboljšanjem kvaliteta usluge postane specifični znak drugačije i bolje taksi usluge. Za proteklih 6 meseci Beogradski taksi je uspeo da od i do aerodroma dnevno realizuje od 90 do 150 vožnji sa konstantnim trendom rasta, poveća broj poziva za dnevnu vožnju za 200% a za noćnu vožnju 300%, poveća broj realizovanih vožnji na telefonski poziv za 60%, poveća broj novih članova za 250%.

Dobro je da znate da sva taksi udruženja imaju identične cene (ovde su CENE TAKSI PREVOZA U NOVOM SADU), dok su tzv „kockice“ daleko skuplji, i uglavnom čekaju u okolini Autobuske i Železničke stanice. Uvek smo tu za vas i obezbeđujemo vam brz i bezbedan taxi prevoz. Ukoliko je potreban TAXI transfer do beogradskog aerodroma “Nikola Tesla” najbolje je rezervisati vožnju unapred kako ne bi ste došli u situaciju da zakasnite na let. Opredelite se za siguran kvalitet koji je povoljniji od ostalih. Beotaksi ima i ovu mogućnost sms porudžbine taksija gde možete poslati sms na 9700. Ponosni smo na činjenicu da smo 10 godina u nizu zvanični prevoznici tradicionalnog pančevačkog karnevala, prve međunarodne karnevalske manifestacije u Srbiji.

Komforna vozila

Uvažavajući ove dve činjenice, taksi predstavlja izuzetno sredstvo za propagandno delovanje sa vrlo širokom, masovnom publikom. Upotreba “taxi-reklamiranja” može biti podjednako efikasna i kao zasebna propagandna taktika, i kao deo neke složenije, multimedijalne kampanje i to u različitim kombinacijama. Ovaj vid reklamnog oglašavanja u Evropi beleži izuzetan uspon i nikada ranije nije bio toliko zastupljen i korišćen. Ponosni smo na činjenicu što naš vozni park sadrži specijalizovano i po EU standardima opremljeno vozilo za pružanje usluge prevoza putnika u invalidskim kolicima. Ulazak i izlazak iz vozila je brz i jednostavan, a prevoz udoban i apsolutno bezbedan.

nas taksi viber

Veka i to kao kočije koje su vukli konji u Engleskoj i Francuskoj. Nakon fijakera i nakon ratova, mesto https://podgorica.taxi/ kočija zauzeo je automobil. Godine, a taksisti u prestonici nabavljali su ga od trgovca Bore Vukčevića.

29Jul

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26Jul

Recognized Destination for Forign Employment by Government of Nepal

Recognized Destination

List of countries opened by GoN for Foreign Employment through recruiting agencies

Afghanistan*
Albenia
Algeria
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Belarus
Belgiam
Bolevia
Bosnia Herz
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Canada
Chile
China
Columbia
Combodia
Congo
Costarica
Crotia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Egypt
Estonia
Fiji
Finland
France
Germany
Great Britain
Greece
Guana
Holysee
Hongkong
Hungary
Iceland
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq*
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhastan
Kenya
Kosovo
Kuwait
Laos PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Libya*
Luxzemburg
Macau
Malaysia
Maldives
Malta
Mecedonia
Mexico
Moldova
Mongolia
Moritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Netherland
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Peru
Poland
Portugal
Qatar
Republic of Korea
Republic of Slovak
Rumenia
Russia
Saipan
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Slovenia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sweden
Switzerland
Sychelese
Tanzania
Thailand
The Philippines
Tunetia
Turkey
Uganda
Ukrain
United Arab Emirates
United States of America
Uzbekistan
Venezuala
Vietnam
Zambia
Serbia

* temporarily blocked by GoN

15Jul

Nepal Embassy and Mission around the Globe

Nepal Embassy and Mission around the Globe

Australia
Embassy of Nepal, Canberra
info@necan.gov.np, eoncanberra@mofa.gov.np
Address: 22 Kareelah Vista, O’Malley Canberra ACT 2606
Contact: Tel: (02) 6286 8004 Fax: (02) 6286 9978

Austria
Permanent Mission of Nepal to the United Nations, Vienna
mission@nepalmission.at
Address: Schwindgasse 5/1/6, 1040 Wien, Vienna, Austria.
Contact: Phone: (+43) 12350275-01 Fax: (+43) 1235027500

Brazil
Embassy of Nepal, Brasilia
embaixadanepal@gmail.com
Address: onjunto 03, Casa 20 Lago Sul Brasília DF CEP: 71.625-230
Contact: Phone: +55 – 61 – 3541-1232/1843 Fax: +55 – 61 – 3541-1229

Belgium
Embassy of Nepal, Brussels
embn@skynet.be
Address: 210 Avenue Brugmann 1050 Brussels Belgium
Contact: Tel: 0032 2 346 26 58 Fax: 0032 2 344 13 61

Bangladesh
Embassy of Nepal, Dhaka
eondhaka@dhaka.net
Address: United Nations Road, Road No. 2 Baridhara Diplomatic Enclave Dhaka – 1212, Bangladesh.
Contact: Telephones: 880-2-9892490, 9892568 Fax: 880-2-9846401

Bahrain
Embassy of Nepal, Manama
eonmanama@mofa.gov.np
Address: Villa 2397, Road 2437, Area 324 Juffair, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain.
Contact: Tel: +973 17725583 Fax: +973 17720787

China
Embassy of Nepal, Beijing
chinaemb_np@mfa.gov.cn
Address: China, Beijing, Chaoyang, Sanlitun Rd, 三里屯路西6街1号
Contact: +86 10 6532 1795

Consulate General of Nepal, Hongkong
cgnhk@biznetvigator.com
Address: No. 1 Science Museum Road, Tsim Sha Tsui (East) Kowloon, Hong Kong
Contact: Tel: (852) 2369 7813 Fax : (852) 2824 2970

Consulate General of Nepal, Lhasa
cgnlhasa@mofa.gov.np
Address: Norbulingka Road-13, Lhasa, Tibet, China.
Contact: Tel: 0086-6815744, 6822881

Consulate General of Nepal, Guangzhou
cgnguangzhou@126.com
Address: Room 1109, EAST TOWER, TIANYING SQUIRE, NO. 222, XINGMINLU ROAD, TIANHE, GUANGZHOU
Contact: Tel: 02087066400 Fax: 02087066402

Denmark
Embassy of Nepal, Copenhagen
visa2nepal@gmail.com (For Visa Matters) nepalpassport@gmail.com (For Passport Matters) secretarynepal@outlook.dk (Office Secretary)
Address: Esplanaden 46, 2.sal 1263 Copenhagen Denmark
Contact: Telephone: (+45) 44 44 40 26 44 44 40 35 (Passport Related Matters) Fax: (+45) 44 44 40 27

Egypt
Embassy of Nepal, Cairo
eoncairo@mofa.gov.np
Address: 23 B Mohammed Mazhar Street, Zamalek, Cairo Arab Republic of Egypt.
Contact: Phone: 0020 2 27369482, 0020 2 273369483 Fax: 0020 2 27369481

France
Embassy of Nepal, Paris
nepalinparis@noos.fr
Address: 75017 Paris, France
Contact: Tel: ++33 (0) 14622 4867

Germany
Embassy of Nepal, Berlin
berlin@nepalembassy.de; nepembgermany@gmail.com;
Address: Guerickestrasse 27(2nd Floor) 10587 Berlin-Charlottenburg
Contact: Tel. +49 (030) 34 35 99 -20,-21,-22 Fax. +49 (030) 34 35 99 -06

India
Embassy of Nepal, New Delhi
ambassadornep@gmail.com
Address: Embassy of Nepal Barakhamba Road, New Delhi, India.
Contact: Tel: +91-11 23476200 | 2332 8066 / 9969 / 9218 / 7361 Fax.: +91-11 2332 6857 / 9647

Consulate General of Nepal, Kolkata
nepalconsulate@gmail.com, cgnkolkata@mofa.gov.np, sita.basnet@mofa.gov.np
Address: National Library Avenue, Alipore, Kolkata – 700 027, West Bengal, India
Contact: Tel:+91 33 2456 1224 Fax: +91 33 2456 1410

Israel
Embassy of Nepal, Tel Aviv
nepal.embassy@012.net.il
Address: 2 Kaufman St. 14th floor Tel Aviv 68012.
Contact: Tel:+972(0)3 510 0111 Fax:+972(0)3 516 7965

Japan
Embassy of Nepal, Tokyo
eontokyo@mofa.gov.np
Address: Fukukawa House B, 6-20-28 Shimomeguro, Meguro-Ku,Tokyo 153-0064
Contact: Tel: 03-3713-6241,6242 Fax: 03-3719-0737

Kuwait
Embassy of Nepal, Kuwait City
eonkuwait@mofa.gov.np
Address: Al-Jabriya Area Block No. 8, Street No. 13, Building No. 514
Contact: Tel: (00965) 25321603, 25321604, 25321605 Fax: (00965) 25321601, 25321628

Malaysia
Embassy of Nepal, Kuala Lumpur
eonkualalumpur@mofa.gov.np
Address: Wisma Paradise (Level 1, 3 and 9) No. 63 Jalan Ampang 50450 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Contact: 03-2020 1898 03-2020 1899

Myanmar
Embassy of Nepal, Yangon
eonyangon@mofa.gov.np
Address: No. 16, Natmauk Yeiktha Street, Tamwe Township, Yangon, Myanmar
Contact: Telephone : +95 – 1 – 545880, 557168 Fax : +95 – 1 – 549803

Oman
Embassy of Nepal, Muscat
eonmuscat@mofa.gov.np ; eonmuscat@gmail.com
Address: Shatti Al-Qurum Villa 2563, Road 2834, Muscat, Sultanate Of Oman
Contact: Tel: +968 24696177; +968 24696883 Fax: +96824696772

Pakistan
Embassy of Nepal, Islamabad
nepem@comsats.net.pk; eonislamabad@mofa.gov.np
Address: House No. 6, Gomal Road, E-7, Islamabad
Contact: Tel: (+92-51) 2610317-19 Fax: (+92-51) 2610320

Qatar
Embassy of Nepal, Doha
nembdoha@gmail.com
Address: Embassy Of Nepal, Doha, State of Qatar, Zone Number-56, Rawdat Umm Al-Theyab Street, Street Number-681, Abu Hamour Area (Ain Khaled)
Contact: +974 4467 5681, +974 44675680

Russia
Embassy of Nepal, Moscow
eonmoscow@mofa.gov.np (For queries & services: embassyofnepalmoscow@gmail.com)
Address: 2nd Neopalimovsky Pereulok 14/7, Moscow-119121, Russia
Contact: Tel: +7 499 2528215 Fax No.: +7 499 2528000

Sri Lanka
Embassy of Nepal, Colombo
eoncolombo@mofa.gov.np
Address: 15/3, Guildford Crescent Colombo-7 Sri Lanka
Contact: Phone -(+94) 11-268-9656 / 7 FAX -(+94) 11-268-9655

South Africa
Embassy of Nepal, Pretoria
eonpretoria@mofa.gov.np
Address: 976 Francis Baard Street Arcadia,Pretoria,0083
Contact: Tel: 012 342 7546 Fax: 012 342 3619

Saudi Arabia
Embassy of Nepal, Riyadh
info@neksa.org
Address: Al Urubah Street, Al-Jouf Road (Near Sulaymanieh Hotel) Riyadh 11693, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Contact: Tel: +966-11- 4611108/ 4645170 Fax: +966-11- 4640690/ 4651823

South Korea
Embassy of Nepal, Seoul
eonseoul@mofa.gov.np
Address: 19, 2gil Seonjam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul
Contact: Tel: 0082 (02) 37899770/1 Fax: 0082 (02) 7368848

Switzerland
Permanent Mission of Nepal to the United Nations, Geneva
mission.nepal@bluewin.ch, pmngeneva@mofa.gov.np
Address: 81 Rue de la Servette, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
Contact: Telephone: +41 22 733 2600 +41 22 733 2621 Fax: +41 22 733 2722

Thailand
Embassy of Nepal, Bangkok
eonbangkok@mofa.gov.np
Address: 4/1, Soi 27, Sukhumvit 71 Road, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
Contact: phone: +662 3902280,+662 3917240 Fax: +662 3812406

United Arab Emirates
Embassy of Nepal, Abu Dhabi
nepemuae@emirates.net.ae
Address: Sector W 15-2, Villa No. 13/1, Plot No. 40، Al Karama Street, Al Karama Area
Contact: Call us: +971 2 634 4767, +971 2 634 4385 Fax us: +971 2 634 4469

United Kingdom
Embassy of Nepal, London
eon@nepembassy.org.uk
Address: 12A Kensington Palace Gardens, W8 4QU, London, UK
Contact: Phone: +44 (0)20 7243 7859 Fax: +44 (0)207 792 9861

United States
Embassy of Nepal, Washington DC
eonwashington@mofa.gov.np
Address: 2131 Leroy Place, NW Washington, DC 20008
Contact: Tel: +1 (202) 667 4550 Fax: +1 (202) 667 5534

Consulate General of Nepal, New York
cgnnewyork@mofa.gov.np
Address: 216 E 49th Street, 4th Floor New York, NY-10017
Contact: Fax: 917 675 6779 Phone: 917 675 6783

Permanent Mission of Nepal to the United Nations, New York
nepal@un.int
Address: 820 Second Avenue, Suite 17B, New York, NY 10017
Contact: Phone: (212) 370-3988 Fax: (212) 953-2038

Source: https://nepalembassy.gov.np/

14Jul

Accounts Payable: Definition, Example, Journal Entry

Retained earnings and common stock are examples of the owner’s equity accounts that are listed on the balance sheet’s right side. When it comes to journal entries, they are handled in the same way as liability accounts. As you process more accounting transactions, you’ll become more familiar with this process.

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By categorizing accounts payable as liabilities, it ensures this equation remains in equilibrium. To fully grasp the concept of accounts payable, it’s crucial to understand what a liability is in the world of accounting. A liability is any financial obligation or debt that a company owes to external parties.

Business is Our Business

Maintaining precise records of accounts payable is not just good accounting practice — it’s a strategic approach to managing your business’s tax obligations. This approach not only aids in maximizing tax deductions, but also in ensuring overall financial and regulatory compliance. Both of these accounts payable processes check for discrepancies prior to approving and paying invoices.

Repeat the Process

Accounts payable typically cover a range of short-term debts from purchases of goods and services. The vendor would send you an invoice for the inventory of $300, this invoice would be a bill payable. Yes, a higher AP turnover is better because it shows a business is bringing in enough revenues to be able to pay off its short-term obligations.

It reflects the number of times your business makes payments to its suppliers in a specific period of time. In other words, the accounts payable turnover ratio signifies the efficiency of your firm in meeting its short-term obligations and making payments to suppliers. For example, imagine a business gets a $500 invoice for office supplies. When the AP department receives the invoice, it records a $500 credit in accounts payable and a $500 debit to office supply expense. The $500 debit to office supply expense flows through to the income statement at this point, so the company has recorded the purchase transaction even though cash has not been paid out.

Let’s take a look at the journal entries you’ll need to make for each of the following account types. NorthOne is proudly made for small businesses, startups, and freelancers. We believe that better banking products can make the whole financial system more inclusive. You can use Accounting CS Client Access to offer a completely new way to work with your business clients in real time, so you can provide more timely responses and consultative advice. This real-time collaboration eliminates version conflicts, software updates, security loopholes, imports, exports, and other inefficiencies.

Accounts Payable is a liability; hence any growth in that number is typically credited. Accounts Payable are often credited when an entity receives payment but debited when the company is released from its legal obligation to pay the debt. Usually, instead of using the “Account https://www.bookkeeping-reviews.com/ payable” account, companies use the supplier’s name from whom they made purchases. It allows them to organize their accounts payable balances better than having all the balances under a single account. Accounts payable represents money owed in the form of short-term debt.

These credits reflect the reduced amount owed as a result of the discount. Classifying accounts payable as a liability underscores the fact that these are financial obligations the company must fulfill. It clearly indicates to investors, creditors, and other stakeholders that the company has short-term financial obligations that need to be met. This transparency is crucial for assessing a company’s ability to manage its short-term debts and make informed financial decisions. When those invoices are paid, the transaction is posted on the left side of the general ledger as a debit, reducing the account balance. Because accounts payable are typically paid within one year (or earlier), they are current liabilities.

This is because few of the accounts payable can also include loans and interest payments. Accordingly, accounts payable has a credit balance since it is your current liability. This means the accounts payable balance would increase if there is a credit entry. However, the accounts payable balance would decrease if there is a debit entry. Your company is paying slowly to its suppliers if its accounts payable turnover ratio falls relative to the previous period.

Recording a journal entry is very time-consuming and tedious when performed manually. Manual entry can lead to errors that harm the company’s financial health. Implementing accounts payable automation in your processes can reduce your accountants’ manual load and payment errors. Automating your invoice digitization process also allows you to store all invoices on a single platform, making managing invoices easy. Many AP automation vendors, like ClearTech, sync all AP transactions back to your accounting system, creating a paper trail to aid in journal entries.

The obligations the company must fulfill in the form of Notes Payable might be either short-term or long-term. Accounts Payable are usually considered short-term obligations that must be paid within one year of the invoice date. Credit the cash account with the amount, debit the AP account to lower the amount. Accounts payable are debts in the short-term, so are a short-term liability.

If you’re using accrual accounting, sometimes known as a double-entry accounting system, you’ll need to understand debits and credits. Of course, your process may vary—and if you automate your accounting tasks, you can save significant time and money while preventing human error. Whether you hire a financial professional to help your company properly perform accounting tasks, or work on your own using accounts payable software, the general process is the same. You record this with the date, account name, account number, a description of what the expense was (such as “widget purchase from Acme”), and a $2,000 credit to your accounts payable. You’d also add an entry into your inventory account with $2,000 as a debit.

The expense account could range from advertising expenses, rent expenses, and repairs or maintenance expense accounts. Similarly, an asset account would comprise prepaid assets, such as prepaid expenses and insurance, and fixed assets, such as fixtures, vehicles, and equipment. Any increase to the amount of account liability would be credited, and any decrease in the amount of the accounting liability would be debited. Hence, whenever a business buys items or raw materials from suppliers and creditors on credit, it owes them the corresponding amount.

In this case, the journal entry in the books of James and Co would be as follows. For instance, 20/10 net 30 is a trade credit that your suppliers offer for the sale of goods or services. This means that you will receive a discount of 2% if you pay the amount due within 10 days. Delaying the payments for a few days would help Walmart Inc to hold more cash and thus eventually pay to its suppliers. So, the following is the journal entry for cash paid to the supplier. On the other hand, if your business is considered as taking advantage of discounts on early payments if it is paying its suppliers very quickly.

You need to keep a track of your accounts payable to know when the payments are due.
Automation can make the journal entry process more manageable by automatically syncing all invoice and payment data to the accounting system.
As an important indicator of the health of a business, accounts payable is a gauge of cash flow.
Likewise, crediting the Sales Account by $300,000 means an increase in Sales by the same amount.

Trade payables constitute the money a company owes its vendors for inventory-related goods, such as business supplies or materials that are part of the inventory. Accounts payable include all of the company’s short-term obligations. Accounts Payable are considered a liability, which means they are typically recorded as a debit on a company’s balance sheet. However, the account may be recorded as a credit if a company makes early payments or pays more than is owed. After a month, ABC Co. repays XYZ Co. for the related purchase made above.

Loans payable is an account that records the amount of money you’ve lent from another party. Your loans payable account shows up as a liability on your company’s balance sheet. Bills payable amounts are entered in the AP category on the general ledger, so bills payable are a credit.

Placing accounts payable in the liabilities section of the balance sheet enhances financial transparency. Under the perpetual system, the cost of the inventory items would be reduced to reflect the discount taken. The checking account is reduced by the amount of the check written that includes the $19,600 discounted purchase price and $700 in freight. Accounts payable was recorded at the amount shown on the invoice (“gross” to accountants, “net” to purchasing folk) and was reduced to reflect the account paid in full. This entry is done to reduce both the accounts payable balance and the available cash balance.

Two sets of journal entries need to be completed during the accounts payable process. When you’re using accrual accounting every transaction should have a debit entry and a credit entry. Two of the most important accounting terms you’ll come across, every transaction you record must have a debit and a credit entry of equal value. Tracking expenses and payables accurately is essential for claiming tax deductions.

It is especially important when firms find it challenging to obtain funding via financial or credit institutions. Since the financial crisis, trade credit in the form of accounts payable and accounts receivable has become a stable source of finance. If a company pays one of its suppliers the amount that is included in Accounts Payable, the company will need to debit Accounts Payable so that the credit balance is decreased. Nanonets is an AI-powered Accounts Payable solution that makes it easy to automate your invoicing and payments. When you pay your rent, you debit your account with the money you owe.

Such a falling trend in Accounts Payable Turnover Ratio may indicate that your company is not able to pay its short-term debt. Journal entries are created in accounting systems to record financial transactions. Debits and credits must be recorded in a certain order in an accounting journal entry. Debits and credits in an accounting journal will always appear in columns next to one another. When recording a transaction, it is always important to put data in the proper column.

Other reasons for debit in accounts payable include discounts or purchase returns. Whether accounts payable is debit or credit depends on the type of transaction. Because it is a liability, accounts payable is usually a credit when increasing. However, in some cases, it can also be debit when there is a decrease at the time the company settles those accounts payable or at the time the company discharged the liabilities.

Having a view into all AP transactions will allow you to pay off debts timely, leading to a preferable turnover ratio. A company’s total accounts payable balance at a specific point in time will appear on its balance connecting ecwid with xero sheet under the current liabilities section. Accounts payable are obligations that must be paid off within a given period to avoid default. At the corporate level, AP refers to short-term payments due to suppliers.

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Alcohol’s effects on the body

Damaged DNA can cause a cell to grow out of control, which results in cancerous tumors. If you drink regularly, you might feel like alcohol doesn’t affect you as much, but this usually means you’ve developed a tolerance to some of the effects. Even a small amount can affect important functions like speech and movement.

AF and Cardiomyopathy

Drinking alcohol every day, in fact, can raise your chances of getting atrial fibrillation (AFib), a condition that makes your heart beat really fast and out of rhythm.
The Chinese Heart Survey also found that 53% of patients with cardiovascular disease had diabetes.
Does some alcohol consumption protect some people against ischaemic diseases to some degree?
Most epidemiological studies to date have relied on a single measurement of alcohol intake at baseline.

Holiday heart syndrome can happen if you don’t typically drink alcohol, but then have a few at a holiday party or if you binge drink. This can cause you to develop an irregular heartbeat, called atrial fibrillation, which can increase your risk of stroke, heart attack and heart failure. For the constructed BN structure, the maximum likelihood estimation method is used for parameter learning. Table 8 is the conditional probability table for T2DM as child node. It can be seen that the incidence probability of T2DM increases significantly with the increase of age. The incidence of DM in people with a FHx of DM is significantly higher than that in people without a FHx.

Raises blood pressure

Drinking too much can increase your risk for a host of cancers, including liver, stomach, breast, colon and oral cancer. It raises the likelihood that you could develop inflammation in your pancreas and in the lining of your stomach, and it increases your risk of cirrhosis — a serious liver alcoholic ketoacidosis wikipedia disorder. All told, drinking alcohol in excess is the third-leading cause of preventable death in the United States. If you drink alcohol, the American Heart Association (AHA) recommends you limit yourself to no more than an average of one drink a day for women and two drinks a day for men.

Effects of alcohol on your heart

The World Health Organization (WHO) links about 8.1 percent of all tuberculosis cases worldwide to alcohol consumption. That’s because drinking during pregnancy doesn’t just affect your health. Excessive drinking may affect your menstrual cycle and potentially increase your risk for infertility.

Of course, it’s worth noting that the deleterious effects of alcohol are not a result of the occasional beverage. A J-shaped or inverse association has also been reported in patients with CVD. In a meta-analysis of 11 cohorts published in 2014, an inverse risk relationship between average alcohol consumption and IHD in patients with hypertension was reported [37]. Similar associations have been reported among people with diabetes and non-fatal myocardial infarction [38,39,40,41,42]. A recent large-scale study from the UK reported a J-curve for most CVD outcomes in patients with CVD [43]. Heavy drinking, on the other hand, is linked to a number of poor health outcomes, including heart conditions.

Psychologically, however, many people feel low in mood after they’re discharged home, especially following open heart surgery. Heavier drinking (binge drinking) can also bring on a first episode of arrhythmia; once this has happened for the first time, you’re at an increased risk in the future. You can effectively lower your heart rate by being conscious of adequately hydrating your body while drinking or after drinking alcohol. Extended unhealthy alcohol use can weaken and distort the heart muscle, causing a condition called cardiomyopathy.

You need to be cautious not to fall into bad habits with alcohol, because the consequences can be severe. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy is most common in men between the ages of 35 and 50, but the condition can affect women nortriptyline oral route precautions as well. People with alcoholic cardiomyopathy often have a history of heavy, long-term drinking, usually between five and 15 years. Heavy drinking is alcohol consumption that exceeds the recommended daily limits.

It is assumed that the self-reported drinking levels, preferably including drinking patterns, remains the same before and after the baseline measurement. For many people this is clearly not the case, and even lifetime abstainers are hard to identify [82]. Prolonged alcohol consumption on a daily basis can sometimes lead to atrial fibrillation, where the heart beats abnormally fast and out of rhythm, even under resting conditions. Researchers have found a strong correlation between drinking—even one to three drinks a day—and the development of atrial fibrillation. Any alcohol consumption beyond three glasses a day raises the risk even more, with studies suggesting an 8% increase in risk for every additional drink you consume. Alcohol can have several positive effects on the body’s heart and blood vessels — the cardiovascular system.

In addition to the heart benefits, moderate alcohol intake can slightly lower your risk of type 2 diabetes, stroke and Alzheimer’s disease. Bayesian network (BN) models were developed to explore the specific relationships between influencing factors and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), coronary heart disease (CAD), and their comorbidities. The aim was to predict disease occurrence and diagnose etiology using these models, thereby informing the development of effective prevention and control strategies for T2DM, CAD, and their comorbidities.

Smoking, alcohol consumption, heart rate, occupation, HDL-C, staple food and meat intake indirectly affect T2DM by influencing other factors. Region, fruit intake, exercise, LDL-C, TG and sweet food intake are the subnodes bipolar disorder and alcohol of T2DM, that is, they are also directly related to T2DM. Among them, age, region, education level, FHx and sweet food intake, in addition to the direct effect on T2DM, can also be indirectly related to other factors.

It’s also more likely to occur in people who have risk factors such as high blood pressure, heart disease, obesity, European ancestry or a family history of arrhythmias. About four decades ago, doctors began documenting cases of people experiencing arrhythmias after bouts of heavy drinking on weekends and holidays, a phenomenon that came to be known as holiday heart syndrome. Since then, a number of large observational studies have found that people who regularly consume alcohol, even as little as one drink a day, have an increased likelihood of going on to develop atrial fibrillation compared with people who abstain. Alogistic regression results of comorbidities showed that age, region, education level, fruit, sweet food intake, exercise, SBP, DBP, FBG, TC and HDL-C were related to 11 variables. The risk of comorbidities increased by 10.6%, 2.6%, 2.9% and 49.6% for each grade of age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and FBG.With each increase of TC and HDL-C grade, the risk of disease was reduced by 32.3% and 85% respectively.

The trillions of microbes in your colon and large and small intestines are critical to proper digestion. They also help fend off inflammation and support healthy metabolism. If alcohol continues to accumulate in your system, it can destroy cells and, eventually, damage your organs. But when you ingest too much alcohol for your liver to process in a timely manner, a buildup of toxic substances begins to take a toll on your liver.

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